Analysis of IoT-Based Smart Air Quality Monitoring for Urban Areas in Gombe LGA, Gombe State
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- NGN 5000
Background of the study:
Urban areas face increasing challenges related to air pollution, which adversely affects public health and environmental quality. In Gombe LGA, traditional air quality monitoring relies on stationary stations that provide limited, infrequent data, failing to capture dynamic fluctuations in pollutant levels. An IoT-based smart air quality monitoring system employs a network of sensors distributed across urban spaces to continuously measure parameters such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone levels. This technology enables real-time data collection and transmission to centralized platforms, where data analytics can identify pollution hotspots and trends (Ibrahim, 2023). The system not only enhances the accuracy of air quality assessments but also facilitates timely interventions by local authorities. By providing real-time alerts, it empowers residents to take precautionary measures during periods of poor air quality. The integration of IoT technology into urban air monitoring systems supports evidence-based policymaking and environmental planning (Emeka, 2024). Moreover, the system can be linked with mobile applications, allowing the public to access real-time air quality information, thus promoting community engagement and awareness. With global urbanization on the rise, adopting advanced monitoring technologies is crucial for mitigating health risks associated with air pollution and ensuring sustainable urban development (Balogun, 2025). The continuous, distributed nature of IoT-based monitoring offers a comprehensive view of urban air quality, enabling proactive management and long-term improvements in environmental health.
Statement of the problem:
Urban areas in Gombe LGA are increasingly burdened by poor air quality due to industrial emissions, vehicular pollution, and other anthropogenic sources. Traditional monitoring methods, which rely on a few stationary sensors, fail to capture localized variations and provide real-time data necessary for effective intervention (Ibrahim, 2023). This gap in continuous monitoring leads to delayed public warnings and inadequate policy responses, exacerbating health risks and environmental degradation. The manual collection of data further contributes to inaccuracies and delays in reporting critical air quality indices, hindering timely remedial actions. Moreover, the lack of widespread monitoring infrastructure prevents a comprehensive understanding of pollution dynamics, making it challenging for local authorities to implement targeted measures to reduce pollutant levels. Financial constraints and outdated technologies compound these issues, leaving urban populations vulnerable to the harmful effects of air pollution (Emeka, 2024). Without an IoT-based solution that provides real-time, granular data, efforts to mitigate air pollution in Gombe LGA remain ineffective, impacting public health and overall quality of life. A robust, automated monitoring system is urgently needed to enable prompt detection, accurate reporting, and effective response to air quality challenges (Balogun, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
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To design an IoT-based system for continuous air quality monitoring in urban areas.
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To evaluate the system’s effectiveness in providing real-time, localized air quality data.
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To recommend strategies for integrating the system into urban environmental management frameworks.
Research questions:
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How effective is the IoT-based system in capturing real-time air quality data in urban settings?
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What impact does real-time monitoring have on public awareness and policy interventions?
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How can the system be integrated with existing environmental management strategies?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it demonstrates the potential of IoT-based air quality monitoring to transform urban environmental management. By providing real-time data and comprehensive pollution mapping, the system can inform policy decisions, enhance public health safeguards, and promote sustainable urban development, ultimately improving the quality of life in Gombe LGA.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the analysis and evaluation of IoT-based smart air quality monitoring systems in urban areas of Gombe LGA, Gombe State. It does not extend to other environmental parameters or regions.
Definitions of terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of devices that continuously exchange real-time data.
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Air Quality Monitoring: The process of measuring and analyzing pollutants in the air.
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Smart Monitoring System: An automated system that uses sensors and analytics to provide real-time environmental data.
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